Nearly one in five adults in the U.S. said they ate a “special diet” from 2015 to 2018, according to the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES).
Among adults over the age of 20, 17.1% say they follow a special diet every day, says Dr.
This percentage is much higher than in previous years: 14.3% of adults in the U.S. followed any particular type of diet between 2007 and 2008.
“About half of adults in the U.S. have chronic diet-related illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, or type 2 diabetes,” the researchers wrote. "Special diets are one way to prevent, treat, and combat these types of diseases in many adults."
The study, published as the NCHS Data Brief, also highlighted a low-calorie diet or a diet aimed at weight loss, the most popular diet used by nearly 10% of all adults. This was followed by a diabetic diet, which was followed by 2.3% of adults on any given day, followed by a diet low in carbohydrates (2%) and a diet low in fat and cholesterol (1.8%).
Stirman's group relied on NHANES cross-sectional data. Nutrition data were obtained from 23-hour diet recall interviews with trained interviewers. "Special diets" were considered a positive answer to the question, "Are you currently on any diet, either for weight loss or for any other health reason?"
Styria’s popularity in the diet varied by age group, but weight loss or a low-calorie diet were very popular in all age groups, according to Stirman and co-authors.
Diets for diabetes were almost twice as popular among those over 60 and were used by about 4.7% of these adults. The low-sodium diet was another of the most popular diets in this older group (3%). In general, more adults in this age group followed any particular diet compared to any other age group.
Interestingly, 0.7% of those aged 20 to 39 followed a weight gain diet, but no other age group did.
By 2017-2018, the popularity of weight-loss diets and low-carb diets increased significantly in popularity compared to 2007-2008. On the other hand, low-fat, low-cholesterol diets have softened dramatically, probably due to the recent growth trend of the ketogenic diet, the researchers suggested.
Adherence to special diets also varied by gender and race. In particular, women tend to diet more than men, with 19% of American women reporting that they were on a diet for one day, and 15.1% of men. The data show that more than 20% of women over the age of 40 followed a special diet.
More than any other race, adult whites are more likely to follow a special diet, with approximately 18% of adult white whites reporting adherence to a diet. Approximately 16.4% of Latin American adults followed a diet, while only 14.7% of black adults and 14.9% of black adults reported a diet.
If you break them down by education, those with higher or higher education are more likely to follow a special diet (18.6%). Special diets were less common among those without a secondary education (14.1%) and high school graduates (17%).
Special diets have also been much more popular in terms of weight status - with significant linear dynamics with weight gain. The results showed that more than 23% of obese adults say they follow a special diet every day.
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